The Roman period was associated with climate and environmental change which to an extent affected the movement and the extent of the Roman occupation (McCormick et al. 2012). In the British Isles the Roman occupation, 1st-5th century AD, led to substantial impacts, which ranged from landscape clearance to introduction of invasive species. Hadrian’s Wall and the forts along it were occupied at least until the end of the Roman period (Breeze 2023) and can provide detailed information not only about landscape change but also about the activities and the living conditions of the Roman army. The study of fossil insects from the Roman period provides a glimpse of a more continental (warmer) climate. It also gives an overview of the extensive changes the Roman occupation led to, which includes the introduction and establishment of synanthropic pests and parasites as a result of trade networks within the Empire for supplies for the army.
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